Sorana Roșu, Marius Condur, Gabriel Rotundu , Răzvan Gradinariu, Vlad Popovici , Alice Murariu, Florinel Cosmin Bida
ABSTRACT
Periodontal disease is among the most common chronic conditions worldwide, driven by microbial biofilm and host immune responses, and remains a major cause of tooth loss. Management has progressed from conventional mechanical and pharmacological methods to adjunctive, minimally invasive strategies. This narrative review highlights current antimicrobial approaches in periodontal therapy, focusing on photodynamic therapy, laser applications, systemic and local antibiotics, and controlled-release antiseptic systems. Photodynamic and laser therapies have demonstrated promising short-term clinical improvements, while clindamycin emerges as a valuable alternative due to its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, slow-release chlorhexidine chips ensure sustained subgingival antibacterial effects, enhancing outcomes of scaling and root planning. Despite encouraging evidence, clinical variability and limited long-term data warrant further high-quality trials. Current antimicrobial strategies, when integrated with conventional debridement, can optimize infection control and contribute to personalized, sustainable periodontal care.
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