Filip Alexandru, Ionela Racaru, Forna Norina
ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing prosthodontics by supporting diagnosis, digital design, tooth arrangement, facial analysis and computer-aided fabrication. This narrative review evaluates the implications of AI in the fabrication of removable dental prostheses with enhanced esthetics, with emphasis on complete dentures and removable partial dentures. A structured search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and publisher databases for articles published between 2018 and 2026. Search terms included “artificial intelligence”, “machine learning”, “deep learning”, “removable prosthodontics”, “complete denture”, “removable partial denture”, “digital denture”, “CAD/CAM” and “digital smile design”. The selected literature indicates that AI can automate or assist arch classification, RPD framework design, virtual tooth arrangement, occlusal assessment, smile analysis and color/esthetic prediction. The most clinically relevant benefit is not full automation, but a human-in-the-loop workflow that combines algorithmic recommendations with prosthodontic judgement. Current limitations include small datasets, insufficient external validation, dataset bias, lack of standardized outcome measures and limited evidence from long-term clinical trials. AI-assisted removable prosthodontics is therefore promising for improving esthetic predictability and workflow efficiency, but its routine use should remain supervised by clinicians until stronger evidence is available.
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