Georgiana-Brândușa Barzaghideanu, Albert-Andrei Jighirgiu, Madalina Duceac(Covrig), Laurian Francu, Vlad Constantin, Adina Ilie, Cristian Cojocaru Monica Mihaela Scutariu
ABSTRACT
Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and cervical spine pathologies, including disc herniation and musculoskeletal imbalance, often coexist and may share pathophysiological mechanisms. Their potential interrelation has implications not only for diagnosis and treatment but also for oral health status and rehabilitation outcomes. Objective: This narrative review aims to explore the functional and anatomical links between TMDs and cervical spine disorders, emphasizing their mutual influence on pain, posture, neuromuscular coordination, and oral function. The review also assesses how these interactions impact oral health, particularly in relation to mastication, occlusion, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) stability. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2000 and 2024. Eligible articles included clinical trials, observational studies, systematic reviews, and relevant anatomical or physiological investigations focusing on TMDs and cervical spine pathology. Results: Evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between cervical dysfunction and TMDs, mediated by shared neural pathways, muscular co-activation, and biomechanical interdependence. Patients with cervical disc pathology often present with TMJ dysfunction, while TMD symptoms may exacerbate cervical musculoskeletal disorders. These interrelations can influence oral health through altered mandibular movement, parafunctions (e.g., bruxism), and reduced access to effective hygiene due to pain or restricted mobility. Conclusions: Understanding the cervico-mandibular relationship is essential for accurate diagnosis, effective management, and long-term prevention of chronic orofacial conditions. Interdisciplinary approaches involving dentistry, physical therapy, and neurology are recommended to optimize both TMJ function and cervical spine health in the context of oral health maintenance
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