Maria-Alexandra Beanu, Arvinte Andreea-Raluca, Forna Norina
ABSTRACT
Aim: The purpose of this study was to review and critically analyze contemporary literature regarding the principles of removable partial denture prosthodontics using special attachment systems, with emphasis on biomechanical behavior, retention mechanisms, clinical performance, and recent technological developments.
Materials and methods: A narrative review of contemporary literature was conducted using peer-reviewed scientific publications addressing special attachment systems in removable partial denture prosthodontics. The analyzed literature focused on precision attachments, extracoronal and intracoronal attachment systems, double crown prostheses, telescopic restorations, magnetic retention systems, and contemporary biomaterials used in removable prosthodontics. Data regarding indications, biomechanical principles, periodontal response, material properties, advantages, disadvantages, and clinical outcomes were extracted and comparatively analyzed.
Results: The reviewed studies demonstrated that attachment-retained removable partial dentures provide superior esthetics and improved retention compared with conventional clasp-retained prostheses. Extracoronal attachments showed favorable stress distribution, while PEEK-based attachments generated lower stresses on abutment teeth than zirconia systems. Double crown systems improved load distribution and long-term stability. Recent magnetic attachment systems demonstrated promising results regarding ease of insertion and patient comfort.
Conclusions: Special attachment systems remain an effective treatment option for partially edentulous patients. Appropriate case selection, attachment design, material choice, and maintenance protocols are essential for long-term success. Digital technologies and modern biomaterials are expected to further improve treatment outcomes.
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