Vlad Constantin, Diana Blanita, Agop-Forna Doriana, Forna Norina
ABSTRACT
The digital transformation of removable partial denture (RPD) fabrication has expanded the possibilities for optimizing clasp design through computer-aided technologies and biomechanical simulation. This narrative review explores the role of finite element analysis (FEA) as a tool for guiding digital clasp design, focusing on its applications in biomechanical assessment, material selection, and prosthetic optimization. Current evidence demonstrates that FEA can effectively evaluate stress distribution, deformation, retention, and fatigue behavior, providing valuable insights into the biomechanical performance of clasp-retained prostheses before clinical implementation. The review highlights the influence of clasp geometry and material properties on biomechanical behavior and discusses the performance of conventional cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium, and high-performance polymers such as PEEK and PEKK. By enabling virtual testing under standardized conditions, FEA supports evidence-based design decisions and facilitates the development of more predictable and individualized prosthetic solutions. Nevertheless, the accuracy of finite element simulations remains dependent on model assumptions and simplifications, emphasizing the need for continued experimental and clinical validation. Future integration of artificial intelligence, patient-specific modeling, and digital twin technologies may further enhance the precision and clinical relevance of digital prosthodontic workflows. Overall, finite element analysis represents a valuable decision-support tool capable of guiding digital clasp design and optimization within contemporary removable prosthodontics.
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