Andreea Gheban, Vieru Marina, Forna Norina
ABSTRACT
Backgraound: Removable partial dentures (RPDs) remain a widely used treatment option for the rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients. However, the presence of denture surfaces and retentive components can influence the oral microbial environment and promote biofilm accumulation.
Objective: To systematically review the available evidence regarding the impact of removable partial dentures on oral microbial colonization and the associated changes in the oral microbiota.
Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases to identify studies evaluating microbial colonization in patients wearing removable partial dentures. Original human studies assessing oral microorganisms, biofilm formation, microbial diversity, or Candida colonization associated with RPD use were considered eligible. Review articles an in vitro studies were excluded. Data regarding study design, sample characteristics, microbiological assessment methods and main outcomes were extracted and qualitatively analyzed.
Results: A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The included studies comprised observational, comparative and interventional designs. The findings consistently demonstrated increased microbial accumulation on removable partial dentures, particularly in retentive areas prone to plaque retention. Several studies reported a higher prevalence of Candida species among RPD wearers, while others identified increased levels of cariogenic microorganisms such as lactobacilli. Evidence also suggested that microbial diversity and biofilm formation increased following denture insertion. Interventional studies showed that denture cleansers, disinfectants and antifungal agents were effective ijn reducing microbial colonization and biofilm accumulation.
Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that removable partial dentures may favor microbial adhesion, biofilm formation and colonization by opportunistic and cariogenic microorganisms. Proper denture hygiene and regular maintenance are essential to minimize these microbiological changes and support oral health in RPD wearers.
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