Clipa Larisa, Agop-Forna Doriana, Murariu Denisa-Vasilica
ABSTRACT
Aim of the study Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and orofacial pain syndromes represent a diverse group of musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, and pain-related conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and associated craniofacial structures. (1,2) These disorders are among the most common causes of chronic facial pain and may significantly affect patients’ quality of life, daily activities, and psychological well-being.(3,4) The purpose of this literature review was to analyze current diagnostic and therapeutic principles in patients with temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain syndromes and to summarize contemporary evidence regarding their management. (5,6)
Materials and methods A narrative review of the literature was conducted using scientific publications indexed in international databases. Relevant studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical guidelines focusing on temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain were analyzed.(3,5,7) Special attention was given to publications from the last five years in order to reflect current trends in diagnosis and treatment. (4,6,8)
Results The reviewed literature highlights the multifactorial nature of TMDs and emphasizes the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to diagnosis and treatment.(1,9) Standardized diagnostic systems such as the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and the International Classification of Orofacial Pain (ICOP) have improved diagnostic accuracy.(1,2) Conservative therapies, including patient education, physiotherapy, behavioral interventions, and occlusal appliances, remain the cornerstone of treatment. (3,5,6) Pharmacological therapies and minimally invasive procedures may be beneficial in selected cases, particularly when conservative managemant does not provide sufficient symptom relief. (7,8)
Conclusions Current evidence supports an individualized and multidisciplinary approach to the management of temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain syndromes.(3,4) Early diagnosis, appropriate conservative treatment, and consideration of psychosocial factors contribute significantly to successful patient outcomes.(1,9)
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