Răzvan Grădinariu, Florin Răzvan Curcă, Gabriel Rotundu, Valentin Lămășanu, Cristian Cojocaru, Marius Condur, Teofana Amarie, Oana Butnaru, Ștefana Cozma, Liliana Păsărin, Ionuț Luchian, Sorina Mihaela Solomon
ABSTRACT
Background: Recent advances in digital dentistry have transformed diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in periodontal care. Among these innovations, digital impression techniques and three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have emerged as valuable tools in the fabrication of customized periodontal splints. These systems enhance precision, reduce chairside time, and improve patient comfort compared with conventional methods, while also reshaping the educational paradigms in periodontology. Objective: This narrative review aims to explore the clinical applications and educational implications of digital impression and 3D printing technologies in periodontal splinting, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential integration into undergraduate and postgraduate dental training. Methods: A narrative search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for English-language publications from 2015 to 2025. The keywords used included digital impression, intraoral scanning, 3D printing, CAD/CAM, and periodontal splinting. Relevant clinical studies, reviews, and educational reports were included to identify technological trends and pedagogical innovations. Results: Digital impression systems, such as Trios, iTero, Medit, and Primescan, have demonstrated high accuracy and reproducibility in capturing periodontal structures, even in cases with gingival recession and tooth mobility. The integration of CAD/CAM design and 3D printing enables the creation of highly precise, patient-specific splints using resin-based or hybrid composite materials. These advancements facilitate efficient workflows and predictable outcomes. Educationally, simulation-based digital workflows and virtual design exercises enhance students’ understanding of biomechanical principles and foster digital competence in periodontal care. Conclusion: Digital impression and 3D printing technologies are reshaping periodontal therapy and dental education. Incorporating these tools into academic curricula is essential for developing the next generation of digitally proficient clinicians.
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